For CTOs: Architecture & Technical Lifecycle
CTOs need a lifecycle that survives staff changes and vendor churn. Treat the model as a replaceable worker behind contracts you own. Define service boundaries first: ingest, feature, inference, review, and write-back. Each boundary gets owners, SLAs, and interfaces. Swap internals without rewriting every caller. That structure is how you avoid five-year lock to one foundation model.
Governance checkpoints sit at data access approval, evaluation sign-off, canary release, and quarterly model review. Skip any one and you inherit silent drift. Document decision rights among product, security, and ops. Deadlocks kill more AI programs than weak algorithms. Put conflict paths in writing during kickoff, not after a bad night in production.
Trade-offs are explicit. Hosted APIs move faster but export less control. Self-hosted open weights raise ops load but settle residency fears. Hybrid often wins for Virginia federal-adjacent work: closed proprietary models for generic language, on-prem or VPC weights for sensitive corpora. Pick per use case, not by fashion.
Technical debt hides in prompt sprawl and one-off notebooks. Promote prompts to versioned artifacts. Gate merges with evaluation scores. Force feature flags on new behaviors so rollback is boring. These practices mirror standard app delivery. AI is software. If your SDLC ignores it, production will remind you.
From kickoff to steady state expect staged funding gates. Discovery proves feasibility. Vertical slice proves value. Scale-out proves ops readiness. Each gate publishes artifact lists: diagrams, threat notes, cost models, runbooks. Unclear artifacts mean unclear ownership. Fix that before more code lands.